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    1952-2012年潍坊地区冰雹时空分布特征

    Temporal-spatial distributions of hail disaster from 1952 to 2012 in Weifang of Shandong province

    • 摘要: 利用1952-2012年潍坊地区9个气象站的冰雹观测资料和冰雹气象灾害资料,对潍坊地区冰雹的时空变化特征进行统计分析。结果表明:1952-2012年潍坊地区大冰雹出现较多,降雹持续时间大于20 min以上的冰雹所占比例最大,灾害相对较重。潍坊发生冰雹天气的局地性较强,地形及地理位置对潍坊地区的局地降雹起很重要的作用。冰雹日数的地理分布与地形相关,呈山区多、平原少的特点。6月是潍坊地区降雹的主要月份,其中6月中旬冰雹出现频率最高。冰雹日数的月变化呈先增后减的趋势。午后14-16时潍坊市降雹概率最大。潍坊市冰雹日数具有明显的年代际变化,并存在显著的16 a和2 a左右的周期变化。1970年是冰雹日数的气候突变年份,自1970年后冰雹发生频率呈上升的趋势,特别是1974年后尤其显著。潍坊地区冰雹日数与同年份的冷空气活动指数呈显著的负相关,说明冷空气活动指数对潍坊地区的冰雹日数影响较大。

       

      Abstract: Temporal and spatial distributions of hail disaster were analyzed using hail and meteorological disaster data from nine stations in Weifang from 1952 to 2012.The results show that the hail disaster is serious in Weifang during this period of time.The frequency of occurrence for large hails is higher,and in most cases,the hail disaster lasts for more than 20 minutes.The hail occurrence exhibits strong local characteristics,and topography plays a crucial role in determining the spatial distribution of hail days,with a high value in the mountain and a low one in the plain.Most hail storms occur in June.The maxima appears in the middle ten-day of June.The monthly variation of hail days in Weifang shows a ruled pattern,which increases first and then decreases later.Normally hail occurs at 14-16 p.m.There is a significant inter-decadal variation in the number of hail days,existing about 16 and 2 years of periodic variations.The climatic abrupt change in the number of hail days appears in 1970.After 1970,especially after 1974,the hail occurrence frequency is found to increase.The number of hail days shows a pronounced negative correlation with the corresponding cold-air activity index.

       

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